Asthma, affecting more than 300 million people globally, is worsened by environmental factors like allergens, pollutants, and infections. Short-term exposure to pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3, and SO2 is linked to asthma-related emergency visits and hospitalizations, with moderate evidence of increased risk. Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is a major contributor, especially in urban areas, and is associated with poorer asthma control. Efforts like traffic restrictions and emission control policies show potential to reduce asthma exacerbations, but evidence remains limited. Pesticide exposure, particularly fumigants, may also increase asthma risk in agricultural workers, though findings are inconsistent.
Climate change exacerbates asthma challenges through extreme weather conditions. Heatwaves and cold spells are linked to higher rates of asthma exacerbations, hospital admissions, and mortality, especially among vulnerable groups. These findings underscore the urgency for public health measures addressing pollution reduction and climate adaptation. While interventions like emission controls and traffic restrictions offer promise, globally coordinated efforts are critical to mitigate environmental asthma risks and improve outcomes.
Reference: Agache I, Canelo-Aybar C, Annesi-Maesano I, et al. The impact of outdoor pollution and extreme temperatures on asthma-related outcomes: A systematic review for the EAACI guidelines on environmental science for allergic diseases and asthma. Allergy. 2024 Jul;79(7):1725-1760. doi: 10.1111/all.16041. Epub 2024 Feb 4. PMID: 38311978.
Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38311978/