A review analyzed the regulatory mechanisms that trigger the process of sporulation members of the firmicutes phylum, which include many bacteria found in the human gut that have the unique ability to form endospores, a dormant and highly resistant cell type. These spore-forming bacteria can inhabit various environments, and their spores are known for their resilience against numerous physical and chemical challenges, allowing them to remain viable for extended periods in different settings. In the case of Clostridioides difficile, an anaerobic pathogen affecting the gut, the disease’s aetiology is linked to these oxygen-resistant spores, while the toxins from the actively growing bacterial cells are the primary cause of disease symptoms. The review further explores the significance of spores in the infection cycle of Clostridioides difficile, focusing on their structure, function, and the critical stages of spore development. It examines how these spores play a crucial role in the persistence and transmission of the pathogen, ensuring its survival and spread in various environments. The intricate processes governing spore formation, from the initial steps of morphogenesis to the final stages of maturation, are also discussed, providing insights into the complex life cycle of this medically important pathogen.
Reference: Serrano M, Martins D, Henriques AO. Clostridioides difficile Sporulation. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1435:273-314. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-42108-2_13. PMID: 38175480.
Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38175480/
